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1 Wilkinson, David
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 5 January 1771 Smithfield (now Slatersville), Rhode Island, USAd. 3 February 1852 Caledonia Springs, Ontario, Canada[br]American mechanical engineer and inventor of a screw-cutting lathe.[br]David Wilkinson was the third son of Oziel Wilkinson (1744–1815), a blacksmith who c.1783 established at Pawtucket, Rhode Island, a plant for making farm tools and domestic utensils. This enterprise he steadily expanded with the aid of his sons, until by 1800 it was regarded as the leading iron and machinery manufacturing business in New England. At the age of 13, David Wilkinson entered his father's workshops. Their products included iron screws, and the problem of cutting the threads was one that engaged his attention. After working on it for some years he devised a screw-cutting lathe, for which he obtained a patent in 1798. In about 1800 David and his brother Daniel established their own factory at Pawtucket, known as David Wilkinson \& Co., where they specialized in the manufacture of textile machinery. Later they began to make cast cannon and installed a special boring machine for machining them. The firm prospered until 1829, when a financial crisis caused its collapse. David Wilkinson set up a new business in Cohoes, New York, but this was not a success and from 1836 he travelled around finding work chiefly in canal and bridge construction in New Jersey, Ohio and Canada. In 1848 he petitioned Congress for some reward for his invention of the screw-cutting lathe of 1798; he was awarded $10,000.[br]Further ReadingJ.W.Roe, 1916, English and American Tool Builders, New Haven; reprinted 1926, New York, and 1987, Bradley, Ill. (provides a short account of David Wilkinson and his work).R.S.Woodbury, 1961, History of the Lathe to 1850, Cleveland, Ohio (includes a description of Wilkinson's screw-cutting lathe).RTS -
2 Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Clement, JosephDu ShiDu YuGongshu PanLi BingMa JunMurdock, WilliamSomerset, EdwardBiographical history of technology > Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering
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3 Wise, Robert
1914-2005Nacido en Winchester, Indiana, en 1933 abandona sus estudios de periodismo y marcha a California con su familia. Su hermano David le presenta a Jimmy Wilkinson, jefe del departamento de montaje de RKO, quien contrata a Wise inicialmente para transportar rollos de peliculas. Poco despues trabajara a las ordenes del montador de sonido y, dos anos mas tarde sera ayudante de montador. En 1939 sera ya montador, tarea que ejecutara en una docena de peliculas hasta 1943, en particular en Ciudadano Kane (Citizen Kane, Orson Welles, 1941). En 1943 debuta Robert Wise como director, en la unidad de produccion de Val Lewton, sustituyendo a Gunther von Fritsch, tachado de lento, en el filme The Curse of the Cat People, secuela de La mujer pantera (Cat People, Jacques Tourneur, 1942). Hara dos peliculas mas para Lewton, y permanecera en RKO hasta 1949 realizando un total de nueve peliculas, entre las que se encuentra un interesantisimo western, Blood in the Moon, que merece un analisis detallado. Pelicula mas de caracteres que de trama, es una muestra del buen hacer de Wise, no siempre bien comprendido. Otros dos interesantes westerns, pertenecientes a la segunda etapa de su carrera, mas eclectica, en la que alterna no solo buenas y malas peliculas, sino tambien una productora u otra, conducen a un exito deslumbrante, West Side Story (1961), con la que se inaugura una tercera, y definitiva, etapa creadora, la de los grandes y costosos proyectos, lo que no impide que aparezca en ella alguna que otra obra mas intimista. En conjunto, la filmografia de Robert Wise es bastante mas que estimable, y no es sencillo encontrar en ella peliculas francamente detestables. Al margen de las ya citadas, si hay que citar una por cada etapa, mi eleccion es clara, The Set-Up (1949), intenso drama centrado en el mundo del boxeo, Ultimatum a la tierra (The Day the Earth Stood Still, 1951), parabola humanista en plena guerra fria, y El Yang-Tse en llamas (The Sand Pebbles, 1966), superproduccion amarga y desencantada, con todas las virtudes y casi ninguno de los defectos del cineasta.Blood in the Moon. 1948. 88 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Pallas (RKO). Robert Mitchum, Barbara Bel Geddes, Robert Preston, Walter Brennan, Phyllis Thaxter.Two Flags West. 1950. 92 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. Joseph Cotten, Linda Darnell, Jeff Chandler, Cornel Wilde.Tribute to a Bad Man (La ley de la horca). 1956. 95 minutos. East mancolor. CinemaScope. MGM. James Cagney, Don Dubbins, Stephen McNally, Irene Papas.
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